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Financial freedom, the arithmetic behind it, and where the numbers come from. No fund tips, no hustle.
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- FIRE outside the US: which parts of the maths travel, and which don'tDoes the 4% rule work outside the US? What a century of data from 19 countries foundIn Wade Pfau's test of 19 countries since 1900, a 4% inflation-adjusted withdrawal ran out within 30 years for some start years in every country. With 50/50 stocks and bills, the highest rate that survived every start year ranged from 3.96% (US, Canada) down to 0.26% (Japan).
- FIRE outside the US: which parts of the maths travel, and which don'tSavings rate and years to financial independence: the arithmetic in any currencyThe share of take-home pay that is saved sets most of the years to financial independence, whatever the currency or income. One table from 10% to 70% at three real returns, with the working one click away.